Hello there,
Hope you are enjoying your weekend! Sunny Sardinia once again even though in other parts of the world the outlook is far more sad and gloomy!
Last week in lessons we started looking at phrasl verbs:
so far “set off/give up/run into/bring together/get by/set out” Remember you need to learn them off by heart!
Also alternatives for the much used “beautiful”
“amazing/fascinating/incredible/spellbinding/spectacular/wonderful”
We have started looking at the “Present perfect” once again – for those of you who need it here’s some grammar!
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (1. For experience)
S AUX (HAVE) PAST PARTICIPLE
I ‘ve (have) had many different jobs in my life!
NEGATIVE
S AUX (HAVE)+ not PAST PARTICIPLE
I haven’t been to the United States but I have been to Canada.
QUESTION
AUX (HAVE) S PAST PARTICIPLE ?
Have you ever been to New York? Have you ever eaten sushi?
Short answers
Yes, I have / No, I haven’t. No, never! (I’ve never been to France!)
We are talking about the experience NOT when it happened. CFR
I’ve met Madonna! BUT I met her two years ago.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (1. For experience)JUST(appena)
John and Sue have JUST arrived.
I’ve JUST had lunch!
ALREADY (già) (affirmative sentences usually)
Jim has already gone to bed. They have already arrived!
YET (negatives and questions) NB its position.
I haven’t finished yet! ( non ancora) I’ve already finished!
Have you been to see the new film yet?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (1. For since)
The present perfect expresses unfinished states that began in the past and continue into the present.
How long have you been a teacher? I’VE BEEN A TEACHER SINCE 1980./ FOR 29 YEARS.
HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN ca? I’VE LIVED IN CA SINCE 1982/FOR 27 Years.
For twenty years = period of time
Since 1989 = a point in time
FOR SINCE (always Present Perfect)
10 minutes a year Tuesday 10 o’clock
A week I arrived
a long time
2 days january 24
I was a child
Christmas
For ever
for ages
How long have you lived in London?
For 2 months = Since January
I lived in Venice for two years. NOT since
NB. AGO
I arrived here 2 years ago. Cfr
When did John arrive in Paris?
How long has John been in Paris?
He arrived here a week ago.
He’s been here for a week/ since last Monday.
PRESENT PERFECT WITH UNFINISHED TIME
We use the PRESENT PERFECT with expressions like this week, in the last few months, today, this morning; all of these are connected to the present time.
I’ve had six cups of coffee today! ( Today is not finished)
How often have you been to the cinema this year? ( This year is not finished)
The Past Simple is used to talk about finished actions and states that happen in a period of time that is finished and not connected to the Present Time. We use time phrases like “ last week, three years ago”.
I drank six cups of coffee yesterday!
I went to the cinema last week.
Present Perfect Simple with been and gone
Go went gone (been)
Ann has been to London. She has come back. (Be was /were been )
compare
You:“Hello Ann! Where have you been?
Ann: “I’ve been to London!”
You ;What was London like?”
Ann: “It was great! I saw Big Ben!”
Where have you been ? have you ever been to Paris?
OR
Ann has gone to London! She’s still there! Go went gone (been)
John: “Where’s Ann?”
Mike: “She’s not here! She’s gone to London on business!”
NO XXXXXXXWhere have you gone??? XXXXXXXXX NO
You are supposed to try and get your heds around making sentences with time expressions ( so you are using the Past Simple/Present Perfect) with the verbs:
do eat go to have make see
Please try- it’s good for you!
Also remember — do housework, homework, exams, the washing up, exercises
make the bed, a cake, a mistake, a mess!
See you Tuesday!
SallyD